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　　Passage 5

　　Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion，however，make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboo(禁忌)in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art and customs. You may expect questions about your family，and be sure to show pictures of your children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form，and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them，arguments can be interesting and they can cover pretty much or any topic ---- as long as they occur in are respectful and intelligent manner.

　　In the United States，business people like to discuss a wide range of topics，including opinions about work，family，hobbies，and politics. In Japan，China，and Korea，however，people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts，feelings，or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they’re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude，for example，to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.

　　As a general rule，it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble，even in the United States，where people hold different religious views. In addition，discussing one’s salary is usually considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world，although be careful not to criticize national sport. Instead，be friendly and praise your host’s team.

　　1.The author considers politics and religion( ).

　　A. cheerful topics

　　B. taboo

　　C. rude topics

　　D. topics that can never be talked about

　　2.Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author?

　　A. Sports.

　　B. Children.

　　C. Personal feelings.

　　D. Families.

　　3.Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others?

　　A. They don’t want to talk much with others.

　　B. They don’t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation。

　　C. They are afraid to argue with their colleagues.

　　D. They want to keep their feelings to themselves.

　　4.What shouldn’t you do when talking about sports with colleagues from another country?

　　A. Praising your own country’s sports.

　　B. Criticizing your own country’s sports.

　　C. Praising the sports of your colleagues’ country.

　　D. Criticizing the sports of your colleagues’ country.

　　Passage 6

　　In our world today, the media and entertainment industries are constantly focusing on beauty over brains. Movies, television shows, commercials, and magazines all make use of models and actors whose physical attributes(特性)will sell their product.

　　As our country is trying to reduce the obesity numbers, eating disorder statistics continue to increase due to the push for thinner people. While obesity is a serious medical condition that can lead to many health problems, many of us try to lose weight for appearance purposes. Children as young as elementary school age have begun to worry about the numbers that appear on the scale. In my opinion, it seems that “fat” has become the new “ugly”.

　　Two weeks ago, 37-year-old Wisconsin television reporter Livingston, who is 235 pounds, received an email from a man named Krause. In the email Krause attacked her, writing, “Your physical condition hasn’t improved for many years. Surely you don’t consider yourself a suitable example for this community’s young people, girls in particular.”

　　Today, it seems that a vast majority of people care more about how they look and appear to their peers rather than what is inside. The truth is that every person is built differently; we all come in different shapes and sizes. Just because someone is heavier, that doesn’t mean they eat large amounts of junk food around the day. Likewise, even though a person is thin, that doesn’t mean they are necessarily healthy and fit.

　　If you are reading this and you struggle with your weight or your appearance, please recognize that you are beautiful and special in your own way. You are worth so much more than you realize, and even if I don’t know you, understand that I respect and support you. Beauty is not defined by size; it is defined by how we treat others and respect ourselves. In the words of the talented film actress Kirstie Alley, “There’s a lot more to life than how fat or thin you are.”

　　5.With so many people losing weight, it will end in( ).

　　A. models’ and actors’ appearance in ads

　　B. the fall of media and entertainment industries

　　C. more and more people becoming obesity

　　D. more people’s suffering from eating disorder

　　6.The underlined phrase “the numbers that appear on the scale” in the second paragraph may mean( ).

　　A. intelligence

　　B. weight

　　C. patience

　　D. strength

　　7.The writer used the example of Jennifer Livingston to show( ).

　　A. people think “fat” looks ugly

　　B. fat people are becoming cleverer

　　C. physical condition is good

　　D. young people never follow example

　　8.What Kirstie Alley said means( ).

　　A. people should pay attention to the appearance

　　B. there is no need for any people to go on diet

　　C. people are beautiful when they concern others

　　D. there’s always someone who understands and supports you

　　Passage 7

　　Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

　　Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").

　　Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素)released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

　　In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

　　The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

　　The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的)system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

　　9.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to( )..

　　A. turn to friends for help

　　B. solve a conflict calmly

　　C. find an escape from reality

　　D. seek comfort from children

　　10.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

　　A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

　　B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

　　C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

　　D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

　　11.What can be learned from the passage?

　　A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

　　B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

　　C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

　　D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

　　12.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. How men and women get over stress

　　B. How men and women suffer from stress

　　C. How researchers overcome stress problems

　　D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders

　　Passage 8

　　Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands，but if you have teenagers, you'll know they’re actually the latest in teenage footwear.

　　But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future. Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers’ shoe choice.

　　KEDS/VANS

　　Slip­on shoes with elastic sides are particularly popular among teenage boys—with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.

　　The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.

　　BALLET PUMPS

　　The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.

　　“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait(步法), this leads to short—and long-term problems such as calluses(茧子), heel and knee pain.”

　　WEDGES AND STILETTOS

　　These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer’s body weight forward, making them very unstable.

　　Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain.

　　SCHOOL SHOES

　　So what do podiatrists(足科医生)have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?

　　Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on，with a small heel and a deep toe­box that does not press the toes，such as Clark's，Marks & Spencer or Rhino.

　　If your teen insists on wearing “bad” shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器)in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage.

　　13.Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?

　　A. Ballet Pumps.

　　B. Wedges & Stilettos.

　　C. Keds and Vans

　　D. Marks & Spencer.

　　14.From this passage we can infer( ).

　　A. podiatrists are expert at producing branded shoes

　　B. fashionable shoes all have orthotics in them

　　C. experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes

　　D. trendy shoes may ruin teenager’ health

　　答案及解析在下一页

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