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　　阅读理解

　　Reading Comprehension

　　Directions:

　　Read the following eighttexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers.

　　Passage 1

　　Some people in Manchester, Britain, will soon be paying for goods and services with so-called “smart” credit cards. These cards are more secure than the traditional magnetic-strip version and can be used to travel on buses, check bank accounts and do shopping.

　　The Manchester project is one of the biggest smart card schemes in the world. Every time people use the cards on a bus or train, the fare is deducted (reduced) from the value of the card. When they have no credit left, the cards can be recharged at a local shop.

　　A smart card looks just like a normal plastic card but it has a silicon chip in it. It is possible for the same silicon chip to perform a number of different functions, so one plastic card in your pocket could do a large number of different jobs. The card has much more memory space than a magnetic-strip card, so many more things can be recorded on it. There are two types of smart cards. One is the contact card which is used in the same way as a magnetic-strip card.

　　Information is transferred by running the card through a narrow opening in an electronic reader. In the slot, electronic probes make contact with the magnetic-strip or silicon ship and read the information. The other type is the contactless smart card where the electronic reader communicates with the card by short-range radio waves. This makes the card quicker and more convenient to use because it does not have to leave your wallet. It is also more reliable as it is not easily influenced by scratches or dirt. However, the biggest advantage that smart cards have over magnetic-strip cards is that they are more secure. They are much more difficult to make than conventional cards and they have to be made by specially trained manufacturers. In addition, they have a large number of extra security features on them and if a smart card gets lost or stolen a quick phone-call to the distributor ensures that its individual number is made invalid and unreadable. This can be done more quickly than with a magnetic-strip card.

　　1.A smart credit card can do many kinds of jobs because( ).

　　A. it is smart

　　B. it is a plastic card

　　C. it has a silicon chip in it

　　D. it can be recharged

　　2.“The cards can be recharged” means that( ).

　　A. the card can be put into a new charge of electricity

　　B. the cards can be changed into new ones

　　C. the cards can be put to use again

　　D. the cards can be recycled

　　3.What are the advantages of smart credit cards over traditional ones?

　　A. they can store more information

　　B. they are more secure

　　C. they are more convenient to use

　　D. all of the above

　　4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Contactless cards are more convenient to use than contact ones

　　B. Smart cards are more expensive to manufacturer

　　C. By means of long-range radio waves contactless cards can communicate with the electronic reader

　　D. A smart credit card and a normal plastic card are the same thing

　　Passage 2

　　Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research in Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.

　　If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.

　　Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.

　　Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.

　　“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.

　　Children are more vulnerable(易受伤的)to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid(易吸收的液体). No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.

　　Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.

　　Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen(腹部).

　　5.According to Ms. Davis, brain cancer increase( ).

　　A. among children

　　B. among old people

　　C. in the twenties

　　D. among pregnant women

　　6.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?

　　A. Pregnant women should keep cell phones away.

　　B. People should use cell phones in the correct way.

　　C. If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls.

　　D. When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker.

　　7.What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A. Be careful when using cell phones.

　　B. Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear.

　　C. Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains.

　　D. Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer.

　　Passage 3

　　President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.

　　The most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.

　　The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.

　　Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors

　　So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.

　　8.The focus of the President’s program is on( )?

　　A. investment.

　　B. economy.

　　C. technology.

　　D. tax.

　　9.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?

　　A. They want a more direct action.

　　B. They want an incomes policy to check inflation.

　　C. They want to rebuild industry.

　　D. They want a wall of protective tariffs.

　　10.What is the editor’s attitude?

　　A. support.

　　B. distaste.

　　C. Disapproval.

　　D. Compromise.

　　11.The danger to the plan lies in( ).

　　A. the two parties’ objection.

　　B. different idea of the two parties about the plan.

　　C. its passage.

　　D. distortion.

　　12.The passage is( ).

　　A. a review.

　　B. a preface.

　　C. an advertisement.

　　D. an editorial.

　　Passage 4

　　A new report says African governments are ill prepared to handle the growing number of people over age 65. The population in Africa as in other parts of the world, is getting older. Currently, there are 36 million people on the continent 65 years and above, which is 3.6 percent of the population, up from 3.3 percent 10 years ago. That could rise to 4.5 percent by 2030 and 10 percent by 2050. The African development Bank is raising concerns over the shortage of health insurance and pensions.

　　The African Development Bank says. "Aging is highly linked with long-term physical and mental disability and a number of long-term chronic conditions."

　　"Africa is not well prepared to care for its aging population right now. And it needs to prepare for this fact." said Professor Mthuli Ncube, the African Development Bank's chief economist. African nations spend far less on healthcare than developed nations do—about $26per person per year. Not so many countries have well developed medical aid plans for the elderly, whether they are privately provided plans or indeed government plans. If you look at the pension plans, you will find the pension industries are not well developed in some of the countries.

　　Professor Mthuli Ncube said African governments failed to take action on health insurance and pensions because they were busy with economic reforms.

　　Another challenge for Africa is the worsening of informal systems of social protection. That is cash and support from both the extended family and community sources.

　　The African Development Bank recommends governments help carry out health insurance and pension plans. Ncube said African governments didn't have to handle the health insurance burden alone. "It is not only a must but also an opportunity for private companies to add their bit in this regard", he said. The report also recommends that African governments consider providing ways of free health services, medications and long-term health care facilities for the elderly.

　　13.From the first paragraph we know the facts except that( ).

　　A. the speed of people aging is becoming quicker

　　B. Africa has the largest aging population

　　C. African governments are not well prepared to deal with the aging population

　　D. the shortage of health insurance and pensions adds to African governments' difficulty in dealing with the aging population

　　14.Which is not highly linked with the aging according to the passage?

　　A. Long-term physical disability.

　　B. Long-term mental disability.

　　C. Long-term chronic illnesses.

　　D. Long-term shortage of care and love.

　　15.What got in the way of developing health insurance and pensions in Africa?

　　A. The economic reforms.

　　B. Too many old people.

　　C. The shortage of land.

　　D. The development of the economy.

　　16.How can the aging problem be solved in Africa according to Ncube?

　　A. African governments should spend as much money on healthcare as developed countries

　　B. African people should save enough money to insure their health.

　　C. African governments should combine with private companies to finish health insurance and pension pains.

　　D. Private sources should take the main responsibility to help the elderly.

　　17.The article is most likely to be seen( ).

　　A. in a story book

　　B. in a newspaper

　　C. on a TV program

　　D. in a textbook

　　答案及解析在下一页

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