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　　Passage 3

　　Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar at least so far. Business Week's annual survey finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) at 365 of the largest US companies got compensation last year averaging $3.1 million up l.3 percent from 1994.

　　Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of a typical factory worker? That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980. One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”. Corporate boards tend to reckon that “all CEOs are above average”-a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town's children are “above average”. Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation. Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: pay levels get ratcheted up.

　　Defenders of lavish CEO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up. They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive's performance. They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well, so companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.

　　But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in1999, says Scott Klinger, an author of this report by a Boston-based Organization United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put $10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8.132. If $10,000 had been put into the Standard &: Poor's 500 stocks, it would have been worth $9,090. To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong. "It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable."

　　With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation. And executives are making greater efforts to avoid pay cut. Since CEOs, seeing their options “under water” or worthless because of falling stock prices, are seeking more pay in cash or in restricted stock.

　　1.Which of the following statements is true about Garrison Keillor? ( )

　　A. His idea on the CEOs was recognized by corporate boards.

　　B. One of his lines had been modified to describe the CEOs.

　　C. His play pointed out that “all CEOs are above average”.

　　D. His radio program aroused the “Lake Wobegon effect”.

　　【答案】B。是非题。由原文第二段Corporate boards tend to reckon that ‘all CEOs are above average’ - a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town’s children are “above average可知，Garrison Keillor的台词“above average”被引用来描述CEO所以B正确，A项，文中未提及;C项：Keillor只是指出镇上所有的孩子都是高人一等的，并未提到CEO。故选项B为本题答案。由第二段One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”可知，“瓦伯格湖效应”是专家提出来的，不是Keillor。故本题选B。

　　2.According to the second paragraph, CEOs' pay keeps soaring mainly because ( ).

　　A. surveys indicate that CEOs deserve higher pay

　　B. consultants tend to believe CEOs are above average

　　C. directors' belief greatly influences the pay standard

　　D. compensation committees seldom evaluate the CEOs' ability

　　【答案】C。细节题。第二段最后两句的Since... The result...表明这两句之问存在着因果关系，即：“因为董事们不愿意承认他们的首席执行官是平均水平之下，董事会的薪酬委员会就会把他们的薪酬定在平均水平之上。结果就是，首席执行官得到的薪酬节节上升。”，由此可推断CEOs报酬不断上涨主要是因为受到董事们的想法的影响，故选C：董事们的想法对薪酬标准影响很大。A项，调查并未显示CEO值得更高的薪酬;B项，顾问只提供调查结果，并未发表个人对CEO薪酬的看法;D在原文中找不到依据，故本题答案为C。

　　3.Scott Klinger most probably tends to agree that ( ).

　　A. most people lose money in the investment into the stocks

　　B. the CEOs performance can't be reflected by the value of stocks

　　C. the CEOs are not the only factor that prospers a corporation

　　D. the pay of the CEOs greatly influences the profit of' a company

　　【答案】C。细节题。由原文第四段To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong. "It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable可知，选项C：“CEO并不是使公司发展壮大的唯一因素。”符合Klinger对CEOs的看法，因此选项C为本题答案。ABD都不是Scott Klinger的观点，都无法在原文中找到依据。故本题选C。

　　4.“Cream-of-the-crop” is closest in meaning to ( ).

　　A. competent

　　B. courageous

　　C. disappointing

　　D. hard-working

　　【答案】A。含义题。从原文第四段首句中cream-of-the-crop之前的supposed以及But，did surprisingly poorly可以推断cream-of-the-crop与poor的意思相反，而该段主要讨论CEO的能力，因此cream-of-the-crop应表示CEOs被认为“能力卓越”，因此选项A为本题答案。B项：“令人鼓舞的”;C项：“令人失望的”;D项：“工作努力的”在原文均未体现。故本题选A。

　　5.Which of the following is the biggest concern of the corporate boards?( )

　　A. The free market.

　　B. The CEOs’ performance.

　　C. The corporations' profit.

　　D. The CEOs’ pay.

　　【答案】C。原文末段首句表明董事会关心的是利润，其他任何因素都与利润挂钩，因此选项C为本题答案。A项：“自由市场”;B项：“CEO的绩效”;D项：“CEO的薪酬”;ABD都不是董事会最关心的。故本题选C。

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