Passage 7
Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services—commercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governments—to do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.
The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.
In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of the financial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price (that is, rate of interest) for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.
31. The first paragraph is mainly about _____.
A.the definition of money market
B.the constitution of a money market
C.the basic functions of a money market
D.the general feature of a money market
32. According to this passage, the money market _____.
A.provides convenient services to its customers
B.has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking funds
C.maintains accounts with various retailers of financial services
D.is made up of institutions who specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions
33. Which of the following statements concerning money market is not true according to this passage?
A.Money market does not exist in planned economies.
B.Money market has been established in some socialist countries.
C.Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.
D.Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.
34. The author uses the example of middleman to show _____.
A.market transactions are important in different countries
B.dealers are needed in doing business
C.middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.
D.middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.
35. According to this passage, _____.
A.brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customers
B.brokers have little contact with each other
C.open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given moment
D.changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon market tends to maintain a common price for similar transactions

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